• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    power generation element and power generation apparatus including power generation element. The present invention relates to a power generating element which has strong bending and impact resistance and has high power generating capability, and a power generating apparatus including the power generating element. the power generating element (1) includes: a first magnetostrictive rod (11a) made of a magnetostrictive material; a rigid rod (11b) made of a magnetic material disposed parallel to the first magnetostrictive rod (11a), the magnetic material having rigidity and a shape which enables uniform application of compressive force or tensile force to the first magnetostrictive rod (11a) ; a first coil (12c) wound around the first magnetostrictive rod (11a); and two connecting breeches (10a and 10b) each of which are provided at one end of each between the first magnetostrictive rod (11a) and rigid rod (11b) to connect the first magnetostrictive rod (11a) and rigid rod ( 11b) to connect the first magnetostrictive rod (11a) and rigid rod (11b), wherein the power generating element (1) generates power by expanding and contracting the first magnetostrictive rod (11a) due to vibration in one direction. perpendicular to a geometrical axis direction of the first magnetostrictive rod (11a).
    公开号:BR112012032264B1
    申请号:R112012032264-8
    申请日:2011-06-09
    公开日:2019-11-05
    发明作者:Toshiyuki Ueno；Yoshio Ikehata；Sotoshi Yamada
    申请人:National University Corporation Kanazawa University；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Invention Patent Descriptive Report for ENERGY CONVERSION ELEMENT AND ENERGY GENERATION DEVICE INCLUDING ENERGY CONVERSION ELEMENT.
    Field of the Technique [001] The present invention relates to elements of energy generation with the use of vibration, in particular, to an element of energy conversion with the use of a magnetostrictive material. Background to the technique [002] Conventionally, techniques for generating energy from the vibration of the environment have been actively developed. Among these, a technique for generating energy from piezoelectric elements and a technique for generating energy from a change in the magnetic flux density of a permanent magnet are known.
    [003] Many of the methods for generating energy using a piezoelectric element are accomplished by generating energy through the deformation of the piezoelectric elements by external force in some way or another. Methods for deforming piezoelectric elements include a method for deforming a piezoelectric element by applying vibration to piezoelectric elements, a method for indirectly applying pressure, such as wind pressure or sound pressure, a method for making an object such as a weight, if it collides with piezoelectric elements and a method to fix piezoelectric elements on a deformed object (for example, referring to Patent Literature 1). Patent Literature 1 describes a sound power generating apparatus that generates energy by a piezoelectric element using the air pressure fluctuation caused by sound and a vibration power generating apparatus that generates energy by piezoelectric elements with the use of fluPetition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 4/69
    2/57 pressure change caused by vibration.
    [004] In addition, a method for generating energy using a change in magnetic flux from a permanent magnet is a method for generating energy by a temporal change in the magnetic flux density of coil interconnection caused by vibration of the permanent magnet, that is, a method for generating energy using electromagnetic induction (for example, with reference to Non-Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2).
    [005] Non-Patent Literature 1 describes an energy conversion element that generates energy through a change in the magnetic flux density within the coil and generation of a current by a permanent magnet vibration within the coil in parallel with a direction magnetization.
    [006] Patent Literature 2 describes a piezoelectric element that includes: a polarizing magnet that is magnetized at two poles; a magnetostrictive material that alters magnetic permeability through a reverse magnetostrictive effect by applying force from the outside and alters a magnetic flux flow; a compression medium that periodically compresses the magnetostrictive material in a direction that has magnetic anisotropy; and a coil means that induces the current by the periodically changing magnetic flux. In the energy conversion element, the magnetostrictive material, the coil and the compression medium are arranged so that the periodically changing magnetic flux and the coil wound around the coil center form a connection. In other words, this is a configuration that generates energy with current that is generated in the coil by periodic compression, in a longitudinal direction, and the magnetostrictive material has magnetic anisotropy in a longitudinal direction.
    Citation List
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 5/69
    3/57
    Patent Literature [007] Publication of Unexamined Patent Application JP N °
    2006-166694.
    [008] Publication of Unexamined Patent Application JP No.
    2008-72862.
    Non-Patent Literature [009] Hiroshi Hosaka, “Wearable joho kiki no tame no shindo hassei gijutsu” Vibration power generation technology for transportable information devices, Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, volume 126, No. 4 , 2006.
    Summary of the Invention
    Technical problem [0010] The piezoelectric element described in the Patent Literature has a large piezoelectric longitudinal constant and high energy generation efficiency with a high vertical piezoelectric effect (when the direction of force and the direction of removing voltage are the same). However, when the energy is generated with the use of flexural deformation through the deformation of a single plate piezoelectric material, the tension is removed in a direction perpendicular to a direction of force (horizontal piezoelectric effect), with the result that the power generation efficiency is low. In addition, piezoelectric material is a brittle material that is easily damaged by bending and impact. Therefore, there is a problem that an excessive load cannot be applied to the piezoelectric material and it is difficult to apply great bending to it and have a great impact on the material to increase the power generation capacity. In addition, the piezoelectric element has high impedance at low frequency, since it is an electrically capacitive load. There is a demerium that, when a load that has an impedance less than the piezoelectric element is connected to the piezoelectric element, the voltage generated in the load is low, the power obtained from
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 6/69
    4/57 power generation is low and energy generation efficiency is low.
    [0011] In addition, in the method for generating energy using a change in the magnetic flux density of the coil caused by the vibration of the permanent magnet as described in Non-Patent Literature 1, it is necessary to make a vibrator vibrate in large amplitude and high frequency to increase the power generation capacity. When the size of the permanent magnet used as the vibrator is large, the mass of the vibrator is high, while the resonant frequency of the vibrator is low. As a result, there is a problem that the power generation capacity is not increased.
    [0012] In addition, the method for generating energy by periodically compressing the magnetostrictive material described in Patent Literature 2 requires great strength to compress the magnetostrictive material in a longitudinal direction. In addition, there is a problem that, since the compression force is applied unevenly to the magnetostrictive material, the energy generation efficiency is low.
    [0013] In light of the problem mentioned above, the present invention has an objective of providing an energy conversion element that has strong resistance to flexion and impact and has high power generation capacity, and an electronic device that includes the element of energy conversion.
    Solution to the Problem [0014] In order to solve the problem mentioned above, an energy conversion element according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a first magnetostrictive rod produced from a magnetostrictive material; a rigid rod produced from a magnetic material and arranged in parallel with the first magnetostrictive rod, the magnetic material being
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 7/69
    5/57 has rigidity and a shape that allows uniform application of compression force or tension force on the first magnetostrictive rod; a first coil wound around the first magnetostrictive rod; and two connecting yokes are each provided at one end of each of the first magnetostrictive rod and the rigid rod to connect the first magnetostrictive rod and the rigid rod, where the energy conversion element generates energy through expansion or contraction of the first magnetostrictive rod, due to vibration in a direction perpendicular to a geometric axis direction of the first magnetostrictive rod.
    [0015] With this configuration, by vibrating in a direction perpendicular to a direction of the geometric axis of the first magnetostrictive material, the first magnetostrictive rod produced from the magnetostrictive material flexes and undergoes expansion and contraction in a direction parallel to a direction of geometric axis of the first magnetostrictive rod. With this, an inverse magnetostrictive effect occurs in which the magnetic flux density changes in a direction parallel to the direction of the geometric axis of the first magnetostrictive rod, and the current is generated in the coil that is wound around the first magnetostrictive rod. In other words, with this configuration, it is possible to generate energy by a temporal change in the magnetic flux density using the reverse magnetostrictive effect. With this, it is possible to generate energy efficiently with little force.
    [0016] Furthermore, since the magnetostrictive material that has resistance to fatigue for external force such as flexion and impact is used for the magnetostrictive rod, it is possible to apply greater flexion to this and have an impact on the energy conversion element and increase the capacity power generation.
    [0017] Here, the rigid rod is a second magnetostrictive rod
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 8/69
    6/57 produced from a magnetostrictive material, the energy conversion element additionally includes a second coil wound around the second magnetostrictive rod, and the energy conversion element generates energy by expanding one of the first rod magnetostrictive and the second magnetostrictive rod and contraction of the other due to vibration in a direction perpendicular to a direction of the geometric axis of the first magnetostrictive rod and the second magnetostrictive rod.
    [0018] With this configuration, it is possible to generate energy by a temporal change in the magnetic flux density using the reverse magnetostrictive effect, due to the extension and contraction of two magnetostrictive rods that are produced from the magnetostrictive material. Since the energy conversion element comprises a combination of the two magnetostrictive rods, one of the two magnetostrictive rods expands and the other contracts when vibration is applied to the energy conversion element in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the geometric axis of the two magnetostrictive rods. With this, it is possible to generate energy efficiently with little force.
    [0019] In addition, since the magnetostrictive material that has resistance to fatigue for external force such as flexion and impact is used for the magnetostrictive rod, it is possible to apply great flexion to this and have an impact on the energy conversion element and increase the capacity power generation.
    [0020] Here, an easy magnetization direction of the first magnetostrictive rod is in parallel with the direction of the geometric axis of the first magnetostrictive rod.
    [0021] In addition, an easy magnetization direction of the first magnetostrictive rod and the second magnetostrictive rod is in parallel with a geometric axis direction of the first magne rodPetition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, pg. 9/69
    7/57 tostritive and the second magnetostrictive rod.
    [0022] With this configuration, since an easy magnetization direction which is an easy direction of magnetizing the magnetostrictive rod or a magnetizing direction of the magnetostrictive rod is equal to a direction of expansion and contraction of the magnetostrictive rod, a change in the density of magnetic flux through the expansion and contraction of the magnetostrictive rod may be greater. With this, it is possible to generate energy effectively and increase the power generation capacity.
    [0023] Here, it is favorable that the energy conversion element includes a magnet with a rear support.
    [0024] With this configuration, since the magnetization on the magnetostrictive rod is generated in polarization by the magnet, a material that has no residual magnetization can be used as a magnetostrictive rod.
    [0025] Here, it is favorable that one of the two connection yokes is fixed and the other has a weight.
    [0026] With this configuration, the fixation of one end of the energy conversion element and the weight bending vibration are provided at the other end, making it possible for the energy conversion element to resonate and continuously generate energy at a frequency of predetermined resonance.
    [0027] Here, the energy conversion element can resonate in a second resonant mode, and energy can be generated effectively even at a second resonance frequency that provides the second resonant mode.
    [0028] The voltage generated in the energy conversion element is higher in proportion than the resonance frequency of the energy conversion element. With this configuration, since the energy conversion element vibrates in a second resonant mode
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 10/69
    8/57 which has a resonant frequency that is greater than the first resonant mode normally generated in the energy conversion element, it is possible to obtain greater electrical energy.
    [0029] Here, it is favorable that the weight has a shape that is longer in the direction of the magnetostrictive rod's geometric axis than in the direction perpendicular to the magnetostrictive rod's geometric axis.
    [0030] With this configuration, it is possible to easily cause the resonance of the second resonant mode.
    [0031] Here, it is favorable that when the number of turns of the first coil is N, the first coil includes K coils connected in parallel and each one has N / K turns.
    [0032] Furthermore, it is favorable that when the number of turns of each of a first coil and the second coil is N, the first coil and the second coil each include K coils connected in parallel and each has N turns / K.
    [0033] With this configuration, it is possible to remove electrical power that is K 2 times the electrical power V 2 / R generated in the load resistance R of the coil.
    [0034] Here, it is favorable that a plurality of power generation elements including the energy conversion element are arranged in parallel, in which the power generation elements are connected in series.
    [0035] With this configuration, after the connection yoke joins the magnetostrictive rods so that the power generation elements can be used by an adjacent power conversion element and the power generation elements are connected in series, the ability to power generation can be increased. Specifically, the series connection of K power generation elements can help to increase the power generation capacity
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 11/69
    9/57 per K times. At the same time, since the parallel connection of K power generation elements can decrease the resonance frequency to 1 / K through the arrangement of K power generation elements in parallel, the number of vibrations per unit time can be increased and the power generation capacity can be increased. In addition, since the general structure of the energy conversion element is configured by a spring shape that has elasticity, the vibration of the energy conversion element can continue for a long period. With this, the number of vibrations and the power generation capacity that are suitable for environmental use can be easily adjusted.
    [0036] Here, it is favorable that the magnetostrictive material has ductility.
    [0037] With this configuration, the use of a magnetostrictive material that has ductility can increase the power generation capacity with magnetostrictive rods that have strong resistance to flexion and impact.
    [0038] Here, it is favorable that the magnetostrictive material be an alloy of ferro-gallium.
    [0039] With this configuration, when using, as the magnetostrictive material, an iron-gallium alloy like Galphenol that has resistance to fatigue for external strength such as bending and impact and is easy for machine processing, the power generation capacity can be increased.
    [0040] Here, it is favorable that the magnetostrictive material is an iron-cobalt alloy.
    [0041] With this configuration, by using, as the magnetostrictive material, the ferro-cobalt alloy that has a high magnetostrictive effect as a permendur, energy can be generated more effectively. [0042] In addition, in order to overcome the problem mentioned above
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 12/69
    10/57 ma, the power generating apparatus having the energy converting element according to an aspect of the present invention includes the energy converting element having the features described above.
    [0043] With this configuration, the present invention can provide the power generation apparatus that includes the energy conversion element that has the features described above.
    Advantageous Effects of the Invention [0044] The present invention makes it possible to provide an energy conversion element that has strong flexion and impact resistance and an energy generating apparatus that has sufficient energy generation capacity.
    Brief Description of Drawings [0045] Figure 1A is a top view of an energy conversion element according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
    [0046] Figure 1B is a side view of an energy conversion element according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
    [0047] Figure 2A is a top view showing the arrangement of magnetostrictive rod positions and connection yokes of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 1A.
    [0048] Figure 2B is a side view showing the arrangement of magnetostrictive rod positions and connection yokes of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 1B.
    [0049] Figure 2C is a top view of a method for joining magnetostrictive rods and a connecting yoke.
    [0050] Figure 2D is a side view of a method for joining magnetostrictive rods and a connecting yoke.
    [0051] Figure 2E is a side view of a method for joining magnetostrictive rods and a connecting yoke.
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 13/69
    11/57 [0052] Figure 2F is a top view of a method for joining magnetostrictive rods and a connecting yoke.
    [0053] Figure 2G is a side view of a method for joining magnetostrictive rods and a connecting yoke.
    [0054] Figure 2H is a top view of a method for joining magnetostrictive rods and a connecting yoke.
    [0055] Figure 2I is a top view of a method for joining magnetostrictive rods and a connecting yoke.
    [0056] Figure 2J is a side view showing an example of a rear yoke configuration.
    [0057] Figure 2K is a side view showing a configuration of an energy conversion element in which a rear yoke is replaced by magnetostrictive rods around which coils are wound.
    [0058] Figure 2L is a side view showing the configuration of an energy conversion element in which a rear yoke is replaced by magnetostrictive rods around which coils are wound.
    [0059] Figure 3 is a figure showing an example of an energy conversion element shown in Figure 1A.
    [0060] Figure 4A is a top view showing an operation of generating energy from an energy conversion element and is a diagram showing an operation of a magnetostrictive rod.
    [0061] Figure 4B is a top view showing the operation of generating energy from an energy conversion element and is a diagram showing a state in which a coil and a weight are arranged together with magnetostrictive rods.
    [0062] Figure 5 is a diagram showing, in voltage, the power generation capacity of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 1A.
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 14/69
    12/57 [0063] Figure 6 is a diagram showing, in current, the power generation capacity of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 1A.
    [0064] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the average power generated from the energy conversion element shown in Figure 1A.
    [0065] Figure 8A is a diagram showing the displacement of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 1A.
    [0066] Figure 8B is a diagram showing the voltage generated from the energy conversion element shown in Figure 1A.
    [0067] Figure 9 is a diagram showing a relationship between input workload and output electrical energy of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 1A.
    [0068] Figure 10A is a diagram showing a change, in a first resonant mode, in the shape of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 1A.
    [0069] Figure 10B is a diagram showing a change, in a second resonant mode, in the shape of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 1B.
    [0070] Figure 11A is a side view of an energy conversion element according to mode 2.
    [0071] Figure 11B is a side view showing the arrangement of positions of a magnetostrictive rod and a connection yoke for the energy conversion element shown in Figure 11A.
    [0072] Figure 12A is a top view of an energy conversion element according to modality 3.
    [0073] Figure 12B is a top view of an energy conversion element according to modality 3.
    [0074] Figure 12C is a top view of an energy conversion element according to modality 3.
    [0075] Figure 12D is a top view of a control element
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 15/69
    13/57 energy version according to modality 3.
    [0076] Figure 13A is an equivalent electrical circuit diagram of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 12A.
    [0077] Figure 13B is an equivalent electrical circuit diagram of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 12B.
    [0078] Figure 13C is an equivalent electrical circuit diagram of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 12B.
    [0079] Figure 13D is an equivalent electrical circuit diagram of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 12C.
    [0080] Figure 13E is an equivalent electrical circuit diagram of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 12C.
    [0081] Figure 13F is an equivalent electrical circuit diagram of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 12D.
    [0082] Figure 13G is an equivalent electrical circuit diagram of the energy conversion element shown in Figure 12D.
    [0083] Figure 14 is a skeletal frame of a power generation device according to modality 4.
    [0084] Figure 15A is a diagram showing an example in which the power generation apparatus is used according to modality 4 is used.
    [0085] Figure 15B is a skeletal frame of the power generation apparatus shown in Figure 15A.
    [0086] Figure 15C is a skeletal frame of the power generation apparatus shown in Figure 15A.
    [0087] Figure 15D is a skeletal frame of the power generation apparatus shown in Figure 15A.
    [0088] Figure 16 is a skeletal frame of a mobile phone according to modality 5.
    [0089] Figure 17 is a schematic view of part of an internal structure of the mobile phone shown in Figure 16.
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 16/69
    14/57 [0090] Figure 18A is a top view of an energy conversion element according to mode 6.
    [0091] Figure 18B is a side view of an energy conversion element according to modality 6.
    [0092] Figure 18C is a top view showing an operation of an energy conversion element according to mode 6.
    [0093] Figure 19 is a diagram showing an application of an energy conversion element according to modality 7.
    [0094] Figure 20 is a schematic view to describe an air pressure sensor according to mode 7.
    [0095] Figure 21 is a schematic view to describe a vibration sensor according to mode 7.
    [0096] Figure 22A is a diagram showing a power generation device according to modality 8.
    [0097] Figure 22B is a diagram showing a power generation device according to modality 8.
    [0098] Figure 22C is a diagram showing a power generation device according to modality 8.
    [0099] Figure 23 is a diagram showing an example of an electronic device using an energy conversion element.
    Description of Modalities [00100] Hereinafter, the modalities of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the present invention will be described with reference to the attached modalities and drawings. However, they are examples and the present invention should not be defined by them alone. Mode 1 [00101] Figure 1A is a top view of a control element
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 17/69
    15/57 energy version according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 1B is a side view of an energy conversion element according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figures 1A and 1B, an energy conversion element 1 includes connecting yokes 10a and 10b, magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, coils 12a and 12b, permanent magnets 14a and 14b, and a rear yoke 15.
    [00102] Each of Figures 2A and 2B is a schematic view showing the arrangement locations of the magnetostrictive rod 11a and the magnetostrictive rod 11b, and the connecting yoke 10a and the connecting yoke 10b of the energy conversion element 1 shown in Figures 1A and 1B. Figures 2A and 2B correspond to Figures 1A and 1B, respectively.
    [00103] The magnetostrictive rod 11a and the magnetostrictive 11b are each made of Galphenol which is an alloy of ferro-gallium, have ductility, and have a rectangular parallelepiped in rod shape 1 mm x 0.5 mm x 10 mm.
    [00104] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2A, the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are arranged in parallel. One end of each of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b is provided with the connecting yoke 10a for connecting the magnetostrictive rod 11a and the magnetostrictive rod 11a to the connecting yoke 10a. The other end of each of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b is provided with the connecting rod 10b for connecting the magnetostrictive rod 11a and the magnetostrictive rod 11b to the connecting rod 10b. Connecting yokes 10a and 10b are formed with a magnetic material that includes Fe, for example, and are mechanically and magnetically connected to magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b.
    [00105] Magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are connected to connection yokes 10a and 10b as follows, for example.
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 18/69
    16/57 [00106] Each of Figures 2C to 2J is a diagram showing the method for joining the magnetostrictive rod 11a and the connecting yoke 10a, and the magnetostrictive rod 11b and the connecting yoke 10a. The magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b and the connection yoke 10a must be tightly joined together, as they are used for vibration by the energy conversion element. However, the following method allows a joint between the magnetostrictive rod 11a and the connecting yoke 10a and a joint between the magnetostrictive rod 11b and the connecting yoke 10a to be solid enough to withstand the vibration required for power generation.
    [00107] As shown in Figure 2C, the connection yoke 10a has two grooves to receive the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, and the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are inserted in the respective grooves. At this point, there is a gap between the groove formed in the connection yoke 10a, the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, and the connection yoke 10a. Generally, an adhesive is used to fill the gap. However, the use of the adhesive alone does not guarantee sufficient bond strength between the magnetostrictive rod 11a and the connecting yoke 10a, and between the magnetostrictive rod 11b and the connecting yoke 10a. Therefore, as shown in Figure 2D, the height of the connection yoke 10a is formed in advance to be greater than the heights of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b.
    [00108] After the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are inserted into the grooves formed in the connection yoke 10a, as shown in Figure 2E, the compression and crushing of the connection yoke 10a with a press 17 allows filling the gap between the magnetostrictive stem 11a and the connection yoke 10a and between the magnetostrictive rod 11b and the connection yoke 10a due to the crushed portion of the connection yoke 10a. Magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b and connecting yoke 10a are firmly attached to each other
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 19/69
    17/57 rear and a solid connection is formed between the magnetostrictive rod 11a and the connecting yoke 10a and between the magnetostrictive rod 11b and the connecting yoke 10a due to the crushed portion of the connecting yoke 10a. It should be noted that the compressed connection yoke 10a, as shown in Figure 2G, has the same height as the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b.
    [00109] The portions of the connection yoke 10a into which the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are inserted are compressed by crushing the connection yoke 10a. Stress is believed to be concentrated in the base portions of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b (the portion of the boundary between the portion of the connecting yoke 10a into which the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are inserted and the portion of the connecting yoke 10a within of which magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are not inserted). Therefore, as shown in Figure 2H, by reinforcing the adjacent area of the base portions of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b with an adhesive 18 such as epoxy resin, the stress concentration described above is decreased and the bond strength between the magnetostrictive rod 11a and the connecting yoke 10a and between the magnetostrictive rod 11b and the connecting yoke 10a can be further increased.
    [00110] It should be noted that the connection between the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b and the connecting yoke 10a can be performed by a pinning method to form a connection between the magnetostrictive rod 11a and the connecting yoke 10a and between the rod magnetostrictive 11b and the connection yoke 10a through the penetration of a pin. In addition, an injection method is possible in which the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b and the connecting yoke 10a are firmly adhered to each other by crushing a crimped portion, after a concave portion is formed in the connecting yoke 10a, the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are inserted in the concave portion, and the
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 20/69
    18/57 crimped section that has a square column shape is inserted between the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b and the crimped portion is compressed. [00111] Furthermore, the method can be applied not only for the connection between the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b and the connection yoke 10a, but also for the connection between the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b and the connection yoke 10b.
    [00112] Furthermore, the shape of the connection yoke can be not only the shape shown in Figure 2C, but also the shape shown in Figure 2I as an example. The connection yoke 10a shown in Figure 2C has its limit, with the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, which is almost perpendicular to the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b. The connection yoke 10d shown in Figure 2I has its limit, with the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, which curves towards the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce the stress concentration at the base portion of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b when the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are flexed by vibration.
    [00113] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2B, the rear yoke 15 is provided with the lower surface side of the energy conversion element 1. The rear yoke 15 is a configuration for applying polarizing magnetization to the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b.
    [00114] The rear yoke 15, as shown in Figure 2B, includes the permanent magnet 14a provided on the side of the connecting yoke 10a and the permanent magnet 14b provided on the side of the yoke 10b. The rear yoke 15 is connected to the yoke 10a and the yoke 10b by means of permanent magnet 14a and permanent magnet 14b.
    [00115] The permanent magnet 14a has a north pole on the surface side connected to the rear yoke 15 and a south pole on the surface side
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 21/69
    19/57 cie connected to connection yokes 10a. In addition, the permanent magnet 14b has a south pole on the surface side connected to the rear yoke 15 and a north pole on the surface side connected to the connection yoke 10b. Connecting yokes 10a and 10b, magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, permanent magnets 14a and 14b, and the rear yoke 15 form a magnetic loop as shown by an arrow in Figure 2B. As a result, the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnets 14a and 14b causes the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b to generate polarization magnetization. In other words, the magnetization direction of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b and the easy magnetization direction in which the magnetization of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b is easy to occur are established in a direction parallel to the direction of the geometric axis of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b. The magnetization value is, for example, 0.85 T (tesla) which is half the density of the magnetic flux of saturation of the ferro-gallium alloy. [00116] It should be noted that the permanent magnet of the rear yoke 15 is not limited to a configuration that uses the permanent magnets 14a and 14b shown in Figure 2B. The following configuration is also possible.
    [00117] Figure 2J is a side view showing an example of a rear yoke configuration. As shown in Figure 2J, the rear yoke of the energy conversion element comprises a connection unit 19a provided on the side of the connection yoke 10a, a connection unit 19b provided on the side of the connection yoke 10b, and a permanent magnet provided between connection unit 19a and connection unit 19b. In other words, the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are not in contact with the permanent magnet 19c. The permanent magnet 19c is arranged in parallel with the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b. Connection units 19a and 19b are made of a magnetic material that includes
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 22/69
    20/57
    Fe similar to connection yokes 10a and 10b.
    [00118] Since magnetic leakage flow occurs in a magnetic circuit, the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, the connection unit 19a, the permanent magnet 19c, and the connection unit 19b form a magnetic loop even in the configuration shown in Figure 2J . As a result, polarization magnetization is applied to the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b.
    [00119] It should be noted that the arrangement of the permanent magnets of the posterior breech described above is a mere example. The layout is not limited to the configuration described above and another configuration is also possible. In addition, the configuration is implanted not only by the permanent magnet but also by an electromagnet. As long as the configuration generates magnetic leakage flux in a magnetic circuit due to the magnetic field on the outside of the energy conversion element 1, the configuration in which a magnet is disposed on the outside of the energy conversion element 1 and the configuration without the magnet are acceptable.
    [00120] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 1A and 1B, the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b form the coils 12a and 12b, respectively. Each of the coils 12a and 12b is made up of copper wire, for example, and each of the coils has about 300 turns. By changing the number of turns for each of the coils 12a and 12b, the value of the voltage generated in the energy conversion element can be adjusted. A gap is provided between the magnetostrictive rod 11a and the coil 12a. Similarly, a gap is provided between the magnetostrictive rod 11b and the coil 12b. In addition, coils 12a and 12b are combined into a single entity, bridging the gap between them through the use of resin. It should be noted that the coils 12a and 12b are not required to have a unified configuration. Furthermore, the number of turns can be the same or different
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 23/69
    21/57 for each of the coils.
    [00121] Furthermore, the energy conversion element 1, as shown in Figure 2K, can be a configuration in which the rear yoke 15 shown in Figure 1B is replaced by a magnetostrictive rod around which the coil is wound. Figure 2K is a side view showing a configuration of an energy conversion element in which the rear yoke is replaced by magnetostrictive rods around which coils are wound.
    [00122] As shown in Figure 2K, coil 12d is wound around the magnetostrictive rod 11d that replaces the posterior yoke. At both ends of the magnetostrictive rod 11d, a movable yoke 10d and a movable yoke 10e are provided. The length of the movable yoke 10d is almost equal to the length of the connecting yoke 10a. Furthermore, the length of the movable yoke 10b is almost equal to the length of the connecting yoke 10e. In addition, the movable yoke 10d is connected to the yoke 10a by means of the permanent magnet 14a. The movable yoke 10e is connected to the connection yoke 10b by means of the permanent magnet 14b.
    [00123] The permanent magnet 14a has a north pole on the surface side connected to the movable yoke 10d and a south pole on the surface side connected to the connecting yoke 10a. In addition, the permanent magnet 14b has a south pole on the surface side connected to the movable yoke 10e and a north pole on the surface side connected to the connecting yoke 10b. Connecting yokes 10a and 10b, magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, permanent magnets 14a and 14b, and movable yokes 10d and 10e form a magnetic loop as shown through the bottom drawing in Figure 2K.
    [00124] With this, through a change in the magnetic flux inside the coil 12d through the vibration of the energy conversion element, not only the coil 12a but also the coil 12d po
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 24/69
    22/57 can generate current and therefore energy can be generated effectively. Furthermore, since in place of the rear yoke, the magnetostrictive rod 11d around which the coil 12d is wound is provided, the space can be used effectively and energy can be generated effectively.
    [00125] Furthermore, in Figure 2K, the length of the movable yoke 10b is determined to be equal to the length of the movable yoke 10e. However, as shown in Figure 2L, the length of the movable yoke 10b is different from the length of the movable yoke 10e.
    [00126] Figure 2L shows a configuration of an energy conversion element that includes the magnetostrictive rod 11d around which the coil 12d is wound in place of the rear yoke, and in which a vibrator 16 is provided with the generation elements power 16b, 16c, 16d, and 16e that have different lengths from the lengths of the movable yokes 10b and 10e.
    [00127] As shown in Figure 2L, by determining the length of the movable breech for each of the power generation elements 16b, 16c, 16d, and 16e as being different, the resonance frequency is different for each of the elements of power generation 16b, 16c, 16d, and 16e. Therefore, with this configuration, the vibration of the vibrator 16a allows the power generating elements to simultaneously generate power over a wider frequency range.
    [00128] It should be noted that in Figure 2L, the power generating elements 16b and 16c are connected to the permanent magnets 14a and 14b, and the power generating elements 16d and 16e are connected to the permanent magnets 14a and 14b. However, since the absorption force of the magnet is small and the absorption force does not influence a direction of vibration, it is believed that this has no influence on the vibration of the energy conversion element.
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 25/69
    23/57 [00129] Figure 3 is an image showing an example of the energy conversion element 1. Magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b have a rectangular rod-shaped parallelepiped (square column) with a cross section of 1 mm x 0.5 mm and the geometric axis direction length of about 10 mm. The connecting yoke 10a is attached to a fixing member 21, and the connecting yoke 10b includes a weight 20. The weight 20 has a longer side in the direction of the geometric axis of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b. For example, the length of the weight 20 is almost the same as the lengths of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b. With this configuration, the energy conversion element 1 performs the flexion vibration (resonance) with the connection yoke 10a fixed to the fixing member 21 being the center, due to the vibration of the weight 20. By supplying the weight 20, the vibration can be maintained by resonance. It should be noted that the shape of the weight 20 is not limited to a type that has a longer side in the direction of the geometric axis of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b. Other formats are also possible. For example, the part of the weight 20 formed longer in the direction of the geometry axis can be bent into a U-shape towards the fixing member 21, and the part of the weight 20 can have a configuration being arranged in parallel with the magnetostrictive rods. 11a and 11b. By forming the weight 20 in this way, the length of the weight 20 can be increased and the space for the weight 20 can be reduced.
    [00130] Figure 4A is a diagram showing the operations of magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b. Figure 4B is a diagram showing a state in which coils 12a and 12b on magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, and weight 20 are arranged.
    [00131] The reverse magnetostrictive effect occurs in the energy conversion element 1. The reverse magnetostrictive effect is an effect
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 26/69
    24/57 in which the magnetization is altered when stress is applied to the magnetostrictive magnetized material. Through the change in magnetization, the induced voltage (or induced current) is produced in the coil and energy is generated.
    [00132] In detail, as shown in Figure 4A, the connection yoke 10a of the energy conversion element 1 has a configuration fixed to the fixing member and related to a cantilever. By applying a predetermined bending force P to the connection yoke 10b, the connection yoke 10b of the energy conversion element 1 performs bending vibration. At this moment, the direction of the flexing force P is perpendicular to the direction of the geometric axis of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b. Through the bending vibration of the connection yoke 10b, the energy conversion element 1 is resonated. The resonance frequency at that moment can be 300 Hz, for example. The resonance frequency can be several tens Hz of 1 kHz.
    [00133] Furthermore, after the bending force P is applied to the connection yoke 10b, the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are deformed through the bending. More specifically, when the energy conversion element 1 receives the bending force P in a direction shown in Figure 4A, the magnetostrictive rod 11a expands and the magnetostrictive rod 11b contracts. In addition, when the connection yoke 10b receives the bending force P in an opposite direction from the bending force P described above, the magnetostrictive rod 11a contracts and the magnetostrictive rod 11b expands. Through the expansion and contraction of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, the magnetization of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b increases or decreases due to the inverse magnetostrictive effect. As a result, the magnetic flux density through the coils 12a and 12b is changed. Due to the temporal change in the magnetic flux density, as shown in Figure 4B, the vol
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 27/69
    25/57 induced voltage (or induced current) is produced in coils 12a and 12b. In addition, through the bending vibration of the connection yoke 10b of the energy conversion element 1, the vibration can be maintained by resonance and the energy can be continuously generated.
    [00134] It should be noted that the energy conversion element 1 with the configuration described above includes two magnetostrictive rods made of a magnetostrictive material. However, this is different from an energy conversion element with a so-called bimorphic structure.
    [00135] In the energy conversion element with a bimorphous structure, in general, two magnetostrictive plates made of the magnetostrictive material are glued and then the coil is wound around the two magnetostrictive plates glued in one direction. In the energy conversion element with this configuration, even when one of the magnetostrictive plates expands and the other contracts due to vibration, the changes in magnetization for the two magnetostrictive plates are opposite in orientation to each other. Therefore, the changes in magnetic flux are mutually displaced, with the result that little voltage is produced in the coil wound around the two magnetostrictive plates.
    [00136] Adversely, once in the energy conversion element 1 with the configuration described above, the coil 12a is wound around the magnetostrictive rod 11a and the coil 12b is wound around the magnetostrictive rod 11b, the voltage is produced in each one of the coils 12a and 12b through the change in the magnetic flux, in each of the coils 12a and 12b, caused by the expansion and contraction of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b. In addition, since the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are connected in parallel by the connection yokes 10a and 10b, a configuration is formed in such a way that when one of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 28/69
    26/57 expands, the other contracts without fail. At this moment, around the center in parallel with the direction of the geometric axis of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, the stress distribution is almost uniform. Therefore, in comparison to the so-called energy conversion element with the bimorphic structure, the energy conversion element can definitely have greater power generation capacity.
    [00137] In the present context, the power generation capacity of the energy conversion element 1 in the generation of electricity will be described. Figure 5 is a diagram showing, in voltage, the power generation capacity of the energy conversion element 1 according to the present embodiment.
    [00138] Figure 5 shows the displacement of a movement, voltage generated and time response of the change in magnetic flux density when the forced vibration is applied to an element at the first flexural resonance frequency of 393 Hz. In the present context, the Figure 5 shows the voltage generated, the change in magnetic flux density and amplitude of the movement generated by the vibration of the movement, when the load is not connected (open) or when the 30 Ω load is connected.
    [00139] In Figure 5, the magnetic flux density through coils 12a and 12b corresponding to the periodic change in weight 20 is periodically changed and the voltage is produced. In Figure 5, when the magnetostrictive plate flexes according to positive and negative displacement and the internal changes in magnetic flux density between positive and negative, the voltage is produced in proportion to the temporal distribution of the magnetic flux density. The change in magnetic flux density is, for example, more or less 0.5 T, and the maximum voltage generated at that moment is more or less 1.5 V (open), for example. In addition, when the 30Ω load is connected, the maximum voltage drops to 0.6 V, but the power
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 29/69
    27/57 maximum electrical power of 12 mW can be obtained as instantaneous electrical power.
    [00140] Furthermore, in Figure 5, when the load and 30Ω is connected, the amplitude of movement decreases. This indicates that the part of the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
    [00141] It should be noted that in general, the voltage generated can be calculated by the following expression 1.
    V = NAB2xf cos27ift = 0.39 cos 2nft (Expression 1) [00142] In the present context, V denotes the voltage generated, N denotes the number of coil turns, A denotes the cross-sectional area of the rod, B denotes the flow density magnetic through the coil ef denotes the resonance frequency of bending vibration.
    [00143] In addition, Figure 6 is a diagram showing, in current, the power generation capacity of the energy conversion element 1 according to the present modality. Figure 6 also shows the induced current obtained when the 30Ω load is connected. From the current value obtained, the power generation capacity W is calculated by Expression 2. In the present context, T denotes a vibration cycle. The power generation capacity W obtains a value of W = 2mW. It should be noted that the load resistance R is determined as R = 20Ω.
    W = l [Rdt
    J) (Expression 2) [00144] By changing the cross-sectional area A, the magnetic flux density B, the resonant frequency f, the number of coil turns N, it is possible that the power generation capacity of more than or equal to 1mW is obtained, for example.
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 30/69
    28/57 [00145] Next, the average power generated P and the power density in power generation by the energy conversion element 1 will be described. Figure 7 is a diagram showing the average power generated P in relation to the load resistance R in the energy conversion element 1 shown in Figure 1A.
    [00146] The average power generated P is calculated by the following expression 3.
    (Expression 3) [00147] In the present context, T denotes a vibration cycle. The average power generated P is calculated by measuring the instantaneous voltage v of the load resistor R.
    [00148] In Figure 7, it was concluded that the maximum electrical power of 2.0 mW can be taken under a corresponding condition in which the load resistance R almost equal to the resistance of the coil is connected. The volume density of the generated power (power density) in this case is greater than or equal to 10 mW / cm 3 . It should be noted that the power density is calculated based on the volume that includes the volume of the coils and the breeches of the energy conversion element 1.
    [00149] The power density value described above shows that the energy conversion element 1 that uses a magnetostrictive material according to the present modality can obtain the power generation capacity 10 times or greater than the energy generation with the use of piezoelectric element (1 mW / cm 3 ) or generation of energy with the use of electret. In other words, the energy conversion element 1 can make the element miniature.
    [00150] Next, the energy conversion efficiency η of the element
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 31/69
    29/57 energy conversion 1 will be described. The energy conversion efficiency refers to the mechanical energy of the output in relation to the mechanical energy of the input. Figure 8A is a diagram showing displacement of the energy conversion element shown in Figure
    1. Figure 8B is a diagram showing the voltage generated from the energy conversion element shown in Figure 1A.
    [00151] The energy conversion efficiency η is calculated based on the mechanical energy input Wi and the electrical energy output
    Wo by the following Expression 4.
    (Expression 4) [00152] In the present context, the mechanical input energy Wi is an initial elastic energy supplied for excitation and obtained from an initial displacement X0 and force F0. The output electrical energy Wo is a temporal integration of loss of Joule of the load resistance R. In addition, the load resistance R is determined as 30 Ω. The displacement and generated voltage shown in Figures 8A and 8B is the displacement of the weight position 20 and the voltage generated when a 50 gram weight is hung with a column at the weight 20 position of the energy conversion element 1 and then the column is cut and the free vibration is initiated.
    [00153] As shown in Figure 8A, the displacement of weight 20 reaches a peak at the beginning of vibration (around time = 0.02 s in Figure 8A) and then decreases. As shown in Figure 8B, the voltage generated reaches a peak value of 0.5 V at the beginning of the vibration (around Time = 0.02 s in Figure 8B) and is then attenuated similarly to the displacement shown in Figure 8A ( attenuation coefficient 0.081). According to Figure 8B, the electrical output energy Wo is 1.2 x 10 -5 J. According to Figure 8A, the mechanical energy of
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 32/69
    30/57 Wi input is 8.9 x 10 -5 J. With the values, the energy conversion efficiency η is 0.14 (14%). In other words, according to Figures 8A and 8B, a free vibration time by cutting the weight of 50 grams can generate peak electricity of 8.3 mW and average electrical power of 0.12 mW (1.2 x 10 5 J / 0.1 s).
    [00154] In addition, Figure 9 is a diagram showing a relationship between the input workload (mechanical input energy) Wi and the electrical output Wo of the energy conversion element when the excitation condition is changed by weight.
    [00155] As shown in Figure 9, the relationship between the input workload (mechanical input energy) Wi and the electrical output power Wo is almost linear. In addition, the energy conversion efficiency η is calculated as 15%. In view of the coil resistance, the Joule loss is generated almost equal to the coil resistance, it is believed that the energy conversion efficiency is greater than or equal to 30%.
    [00156] In the present context, the resonant mode and the format changes when the energy conversion element 1 is vibrating will be described. Figure 10A is a diagram showing a change in shape of the energy conversion element in the first resonant mode shown in Figure 1A. Figure 10B is a diagram showing a change in shape of the energy conversion element in the second resonant mode shown in Figure 1A.
    [00157] The energy conversion element 1 in Figure 10A is defined as a cantilever. In other words, in the energy conversion element 1, the connection yoke 10a, that is, one of the connection yokes, is fixed and the connection yoke 10b, that is, the other yoke, is not fixed. It should be noted that the connection yoke 10b that is not fixed is called a mobile unit. The energy conversion element 1 that has such a cantilever configuration
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 33/69
    31/57 can efficiently generate power in a resonant state. The number of resonant vibration modes of the energy conversion element 1 is not limited. However, resonance in the first resonant mode shown in Figure 10A is generally frequent.
    [00158] In the resonance of the first resonant mode, the energy conversion element 1 as shown in Figure 10A is deformed to flex in one direction as a whole of the cantilever. At that time, the magnetostrictive rod 11a expands and the magnetostrictive rod 11b contracts. With this, the energy conversion element 1 can generate energy according to the amount of deformation of the magnetostrictive rod.
    [00159] In addition, the generation of energy by energy conversion element 1 can be performed in the second resonant mode. In other words, energy conversion element 1 defined as a cantilever resonates in a high-order resonant mode that has a resonant frequency that is higher than the first resonant mode, due to the shape of energy conversion element 1 and the frequency of vibration to be provided. For example, in the second resonant mode that has a resonant frequency that is four times higher than the resonant frequency in the first resonant mode, the energy conversion element 1 shows deformation shown in Figure 10B.
    [00160] As shown in Figure 10B, the energy conversion element 1 in the second resonant mode can create a nodal point as shown in Figure 10B when the whole is viewed as a cantilever. At that instant, the parallel beam portions of the cantilever, that is, the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, and the mobile unit (the connection yoke 10b on the side that is not attached to the energy conversion element 1) is deformed to flex in one direction as a whole. At that moment, the magnetostrictive rod 11a
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 34/69
    32/57 pan and the magnetostrictive rod 11b contracts. Thus, the energy conversion element 1 can generate energy according to the amount of deformation of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b.
    [00161] Since the voltage produced in the energy conversion element 1 is higher in proportion to the resonance frequency of the energy conversion element 1, the energy conversion element 1 in the second resonant mode can generate electrical energy that is greater than the energy conversion element in the first resonant mode due to the fact that the resonance frequency in the second resonant mode is higher than that of the first resonant mode.
    [00162] In order to easily cause resonance by the energy conversion element 1 in the second resonant mode, it is effective to produce a configuration in which the vibration nodes of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b of the energy conversion element 1 are easy to form by extending the length of the mobile unit in the energy conversion element 1 and the softening of the part of the connecting unit and part of the mobile unit after laying a portion connecting the mobile unit and the parallel bundles.
    [00163] In addition, by introducing a configuration in which the power generation elements 1 that have different resonant frequencies are arranged, a configuration to resonate in a plurality of types of frequencies is possible. With this configuration, when the vibration frequencies applied to the energy conversion element 1 are different, it is possible to generate energy uniformly.
    [00164] The magnetostrictive material for magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b can be not only Galphenol which is an alloy of gallium and iron, but also other materials. When Galphenol is used, al
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 35/69
    33/57 internal magnetization of Galphenol through the application of stress is carried out until the saturation magnetic flux density reaches about 1T, resulting in the fact that the power generation capacity can be increased for the conversion element of energy 1.
    [00165] As a magnetostrictive material in addition to Galphenol, for example, permendur which is an alloy of cobalt and iron and others are acceptable. In addition, not only a material that is in a crystal condition, but also a material that is in an amorphous condition are acceptable. In addition, in order to amplify the change in magnetization in relation to stress stress, a magnetostrictive material to which the compression stress is added by the stress annealing process in advance can be used.
    [00166] It should be noted that the energy conversion element 1 described above is an energy conversion element in which the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are both made of the magnetostrictive material. However, one of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, for example, the magnetostrictive material 11b, may be the magnetostrictive material 11b composed of a material that has almost the same stiffness as the magnetostrictive material or a material that has a stiffness greater than or equal to the material magnetostrictive. In this case, since the coil 12b does not need to be wound around the rigid rod 11b, it is possible that the number of turns for the coil 12a is increased and that the energy conversion element 1 implants in a simple configuration.
    [00167] Furthermore, the direction of the bending force P applied to the connection yoke 10b can be varied as long as the direction is perpendicular to the direction of the geometric axis of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, and one of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b expands and the other contracts.
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 36/69
    34/57 [00168] In addition, the shapes of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b are not limited to the rectangular parallelepiped rod-shaped. For example, the shapes of a rod-shaped column, a plate, a continuous thin ribbon and others are possible.
    Mode 2 [00169] In the following, Mode 2 according to an aspect of the present invention will be described. In Mode 1, the energy conversion element comprises two magnetostrictive rods. In the present modality, the difference from Modality 1 is that the energy conversion element is composed of a magnetostrictive rod and a connecting yoke.
    [00170] Figure 11A is a side view of the energy conversion element according to the present embodiment. Figure 11B is a side view showing the disposition positions of a magnetostrictive rod and a connection yoke for the energy conversion element shown in Figure 11A.
    [00171] As shown in Figure 11A, the energy conversion element according to the present embodiment includes a magnetostrictive rod 11c, a connecting yoke 10c and a coil 12c. It should be noted that the magnetostrictive rod 11c and the coil 12c correspond to the first magnetostrictive rod and the first coil, respectively.
    [00172] Similar to the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b shown in Mode 1, the magnetostrictive rod 11c is composed of Galphenol which is an alloy of gallium and iron (Young module of 70 GPa), has ductility and has a rectangular parallelepiped in 1 mm x 0.5 mm x 10 mm rod shape. The connection yoke 10c is formed with a magnetic material that is rigid and shaped for uniform application of stress (compression force or tension force) to the magnetostrictive rod 11c. Rigidity for uniform application
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 37/69
    35/57 compression force or tension force is, for example, a magnetic material that has almost the same stiffness as the magnetostrictive material 11c. The format for uniform application of compressive force or tension force is, for example, a magnetic material that has almost the same shape as the magnetostrictive rod 11c. As such material, for example, it is stainless steel such as SUS430 (210 GPa Young Module) which is a magnetic material that includes Fe.
    [00173] The connection yoke 10c, as shown in Figure 11B, partially has a concave portion. One end of the magnetostrictive rod 11 and the other end are mechanically and magnetically connected to the side walls of the concave portion. Therefore, in the concave portion, the magnetostrictive rod 11c and the connecting yoke 10c are arranged in parallel. In other words, a portion of the connecting yoke 10c which is arranged in parallel with the magnetostrictive rod 11c corresponds to a rigid rod in the present invention. In addition, a portion in addition to the connection yoke 10c which is arranged parallel to the magnetostrictive rod 11c corresponds to two connection yokes in the present invention. With this configuration, when the energy conversion element 1 vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetostrictive rod 11c, the magnetostrictive rod 11c expands or contracts. As a result, a change in magnetic flux occurs in the magnetostrictive rod 11c.
    [00174] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 11A, the coil 12c is formed around the magnetostrictive rod 11c. Coils 12c are made of copper wire, for example, and the coil is about 250 turns. As described above, since the magnetic flux inside the coil 12c is altered by the change in magnetic flux density through the expansion and contraction of the magnetostrictive rod 11c, the current is produced in the coil 12c. With that, the power can
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 38/69
    36/57 be generated. It should be noted that by changing the number of turns of the coil 12c in a similar way to Mode 1, the voltage size produced by the energy conversion element can be adjusted. In addition, the number of coil turns can be set at the level described above and can be changed where appropriate. [00175] Unlike the energy conversion element 1 according to the Modality, the energy conversion element according to the present modality can generate energy even when there is only one magnetostrictive rod. In addition, by introducing the configuration of the connection yoke 10c which combines, in a single entity, the two connection yokes 10a and 10b and the magnetostrictive rod 11b in the energy conversion element 1, the number of components for the Energy conversion can be reduced and the connection portion between the rigid rod and the connection yoke can be reduced. With this, the junction between the connection yokes and the magnetostrictive rod can be further reinforced. In addition, since the coil 12c is wound only around the magnetostrictive rod 11c and the number of coil turns can be increased, the power generation capacity can be increased. Mode 3 [00176] In the following, Mode 3 according to an aspect of the present invention will be described. The present modality will describe an energy conversion element in which the coils are wound in parallel around each of the magnetostrictive rods. Figures 12A to 12D are top views of the energy conversion element according to the present embodiment. Figures 13A to 13G are an equivalent electrical circuit for a correspondent of the power generation elements shown in Figures 12A to 12D. It should be noted that in Figures 12A to 12D, the coils 12a and 12b are shown as seen in cross section.
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 39/69
    37/57 [00177] The energy conversion element 1 shown in Figure 12A has the same configuration as the energy conversion element 1 shown in Figure 1A, and shows the basic configuration of the energy conversion element 1. In the energy conversion 1, coil 12a is wound around magnetostrictive rod 11a and coil 12b is wound around magnetostrictive rod 11b. With this configuration, by dividing the coil and then connecting the coils divided in parallel, the load resistance and the internal load resistance can be reduced for the energy conversion element 1.
    [00178] Figure 13A is an equivalent electrical diagram of the energy conversion element 1. In Figure 13A, since the number of turns is N for coils 12a and 12b, the load resistance is R, the voltage generated is V , the external load resistance is R0, the voltage produced by the load resistance R0 is V2 / 4R0 when a corresponding condition is R0 = R to take the maximum voltage.
    [00179] Furthermore, since the number of turns is N for coils 12a (or 12b) and the load resistance is R, the load resistance for each of the split coils 12a (or 12b) is R / K as shown in the equivalent electrical circuit diagram of Figure 13F when coil 12a (or 12b) is divided into K coils as shown in Figure 12D. The combined resistance R when all K split coils 12a (or 12B) are connected in parallel is R = R / K 2 as shown in Figure 13G.
    [00180] More specifically, as shown in Figure 12B, when the two split coils 12a (or 12b) are connected in parallel, the load resistance for each of the two split coils 12a (or 12b) is R / 2 as shown in equivalent electrical circuit diagram in Figure 13B and the combined resistance is R / 4 as shown in Figure 13C. More specifically, as
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 40/69
    38/57 shown in Figure 12C, when the three split coils 12a (or 12b) are connected in parallel, the load resistance for each of the three split coils 12a (or 12b) is R / 3 as shown in the electrical circuit equivalent diagram of Figure 13D and the combined resistance is R / 9 as shown in Figure 13E.
    [00181] In addition, by increasing the number of N turns for each of the coils 12a (or 12b), the power generated can be increased. Since the voltage generated is proportional to the number of turns for coil 12a (or 12b), the number of turns for each of the K split coils 12a (or 12b) is N / K and the voltage generated is 1 / K times as shown in Figure 13D. For example, as shown in Figure 13B, when coil 12a (or 12b) is split in two, the voltage generated is V / 2. In addition, as shown in Figure 13D, when coil 12a (or 12b) is divided into three, the voltage generated is V / 3.
    [00182] The power generated under a corresponding condition where the external load resistance R is R / K 2 , the power generated is (V / K) 2 / (4R / K 2 ) = V 2 / 4R and equal to the voltage generated when the coil is not split. In other words, by dividing the coil 12a (or 12b) into K and connecting the coils split in parallel, the internal resistance of the energy conversion element 1 can be reduced to 1 / K 2 times (but the voltage is 1 / K times). On the other hand, when the load resistance R which is equal to the load resistance when the coil is not split is allowed, the load resistance can be defined in K 2 times, that is, the number of turns can be defined in K 2 times (considering that the number of turns and the load resistance have a proportional relationship). In this case, the voltage generated is 1 / K x K 2 = K times.
    [00183] Therefore, the removed voltage is (KV) 2 / 4R = K 2 x V 2 / 4R, and the electrical power which is K 2 times the voltage V 2 / 4R produced in resistor 870190067625, of 7/17/2019 , p. 41/69
    39/57 charge voltage R can be removed.
    Mode 4 [00184] In the following, Mode 4 according to an aspect of the present invention will be described. In the present modality, the power generation device in which the power generation elements are connected in series as shown in Mode 1 and the power generation device in which the power generation elements are connected in series as shown in Mode 2 will be described. Figure 14 and Figures 15A to 15D are a schematic configuration view of the power generation apparatus in accordance with the present embodiment. It should be noted that in Figure 14, the coils 12a and 12b are shown as cross-sectional views.
    [00185] Figure 14 is a schematic configuration view of the power generation apparatus in which the power generation elements according to Mode 1 are connected in series. As shown in Figure 14, a power generation device 23a includes a fixture unit 24, five power generation elements connected in series to the fixture unit 24, a fixture unit 26 and a weight (movement) 27. Each of the power generation elements connected in series includes the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b, the coils 12a which are wound around the magnetostrictive rod 11a and the coil 12b which is wound around the magnetostrictive rod 11b, and the connection yokes 25a, 25b, 25c, and 25d which are connected to the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b. The five power generation elements are arranged in parallel, the adjacent power generation elements share the connection yokes mutually, and the five power generation elements are connected in series.
    [00186] In other words, as shown in Figure 14, the
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    40/57 other ends of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b of the first energy conversion element having ends that are connected to the fixing unit 24 are connected to the connecting yoke 25a, and the ends of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b of the second element of energy conversion arranged in parallel with the first energy conversion element are connected to the connection yoke 25a. The other ends of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b of the second energy conversion element are connected to the connecting yoke 25b, and the ends of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b of the third energy conversion element arranged in parallel with the second energy conversion element. are connected to the connection yoke 25b. The other ends of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b of the third energy conversion element are connected to the connection yoke 25c, and the ends of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b of the fourth energy conversion element arranged in parallel with the third energy conversion element. energy are connected to the connection yoke 25c. The other ends of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b of the fourth energy conversion element are connected to the connecting yoke 25d, and the ends of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b of the fifth energy conversion element arranged in parallel with the fourth energy conversion element. energy are connected to the 25d connection yoke. the other ends of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b of the fifth energy conversion element are connected to the fixing unit 26. With this configuration, since the entire shape of the power generation device 23a is a spring that has elasticity, one of the magnetostrictive rods 11a and 11b for each of the power generation elements expand and the other contracts due to the vertical vibration of the weight 27. With this, it is possible that the energy conversion element according to the present modality
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    41/57 manages power in a similar way to energy conversion element 1 according to Mode 1.
    [00187] According to the configuration of the power generation apparatus 23a, when the mutually adjacent power generation elements share the connection yoke that joins the magnetostrictive rods of the energy conversion element and the power generation elements are connected in series, the power generation capacity can be greater. More specifically, the serial connection of K power generation elements can help to increase the power generation capacity by K times. At the same time, since the resonance frequency can be reduced to 1 / K through the arrangement of K power generation elements in parallel, the number of vibrations per unit can be increased and the power generation capacity can be increased . Since the entire shape of the power generation apparatus has a spring that has elasticity, the vibration by the energy conversion element can continue for a long time. With this, the number of vibrations and power generation that are suitable in the environment of use can be easily adjusted. It should be noted that an effect can be obtained in which the power generation capacity is greater when the weight of the weight 27 is increased.
    [00188] Figure 15A is a diagram showing an example where the power generation device is used. As shown in Figure 15A, the power generating apparatus 23a or a power generating apparatus 23b to be shown later can be installed on the body of a vehicle, for example.
    [00189] Figures 15B to 15D are a schematic configuration view of the power generation apparatus in which the power generation elements according to Mode 2 are connected in series. In Figures 15B to 15D, coil 12c is shown as a
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    42/57 cross-sectional view.
    [00190] The configuration of the power generation apparatus 23b shown in Figures 15B to 15D is almost equal to the configuration of the power generation apparatus described above23a. The difference with the power generating apparatus 23a is that each of the power generating elements of the power generating apparatus 23b comprises a magnetostrictive rod 11c, a connecting yoke 10e and a coil 12c which is wound around the magnetostrictive rod 11c . As shown in Figures 15B to 15D, the power generating apparatus 23b includes a body that connects the power converting element to which the power generating elements are connected in series, a weight 28a, magnets 28b and 28c are provided on a side wall of the concave portion formed at weight 28a, a container 29a that houses weight 28a, and balls 29b that are provided between weight 28a and container 29a. Balls 29b are provided to reduce friction between weight 28a and container 29a.
    [00191] As shown in Figures 15B to 15D, part of the body that connects the energy conversion element is inserted into the concave portion formed at weight 28a. The magnets 28b and 28c provided in the concave potion are arranged in a direction of the axis of the magnetostrictive rod 11c. In other words, each of the magnets 28b and 28c is arranged in a direction in which part of the body that connects the energy conversion element that is inserted into the concave portion vibrates. Since the part of the body that connects the energy conversion element has magnetism due to the fact that it is formed to be combined with the connecting yoke 10e formed with a magnetic body, the part of the body that connects the energy conversion element is absorbed on the surface for each of the magnets 28b and 28c.
    [00192] Hereinafter, the operation of the power generation apparatus 23b will be described. The device for generating
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    43/57 energy 23b, for example, is installed in a vehicle and has a vibration configuration using the vehicle's inert force. In the present context, the inert force is a force caused by an acceleration rate when the vehicle starts (acceleration) or stops (deceleration).
    [00193] When the vehicle is in normal operation, that is, it operates at constant speed, the weight 28a and part of the body that connects the energy conversion element come together due to the absorption force of the magnet 28b as shown in Figure 15B. In addition, when the vehicle slows down due to the application of brake and deceleration, the inert force that attempts to move the vehicle forward further in a direction of travel is applied to the weight 28a. Thus, as shown in Figure 15C, the body that connects the energy conversion element that is unified with the magnet 28b due to the absorption force of the magnet 28b is deformed. Since each of the magnetostrictive rods 11c or one end for each of the connecting yokes 10e for the power generating elements expands and the other contracts during deformation, the magnetic flow of the magnetostrictive rod 11c is changed and the current is produced on coil 12c. With that, the power can be generated. It should be noted that since weight 28a is disposed within container 29a and on sphere 29b, weight 28a can move within container 29a and container 29a serves as a stop and displacement is restricted.
    [00194] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 15C, the weight 28a moves due to the inert force and the inert force exceeds the absorption force of the magnet 28b, the weight 28a is separated from the part of the body that connects the energy. At that moment, the actuation force through the inert force is zero and the free vibration is excited in the body that connects the energy conversion element. Since, with this vibration, each of the magnetostrictive rods 11c and a side for each of the connection yokes 10e for the elements
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    44/57 of power generation that comprise the power generation apparatus 23b expand and the others contract, the power generation can be performed in a similar way to the case shown in Figure 15B.
    [00195] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 15D, after the weight 28a has separated from the magnet 28b, the part of the body that connects the energy conversion element is absorbed on the surface of the magnet 28c provided on a side wall on the opposite side from the side wall in the concave portion on which the magnet 28b is disposed. Thus, the generation of energy can be performed in a similar way to the generation of energy in the opposite acceleration rate time (vehicle start or acceleration).
    [00196] It should be noted that in the power generation apparatus described above 23b, the body that connects the power conversion element is used in which a plurality of power generation elements are connected to each other to reduce the resonant frequency and the strength required as a whole in the power generation apparatus. However, in the power generation device that uses inert force, power generation is possible without depending on the body that connects the energy conversion element described above. In addition, power can be generated with not only inert power, but also vertical vibration.
    Mode 5 [00197] In the following, Mode 5 according to an aspect of the present invention will be described. In the present modality, a mobile phone will be described as an example of the electronic device that includes the energy conversion element as described in Modality 1.
    [00198] Figure 16 is a schematic configuration view of the mobile phone according to the present modality. Figure 17 is a diagram showing part of the internal structure of the mobile phone
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    45/57 shown in Figure 16 and a diagram showing a portion in which the energy conversion element is included.
    [00199] As shown in Figure 17, each of the power generation elements 50 is installed, inside the cover portion in which the mobile phone display 30 is included, on both sides of the location where the display is arranged . Each of the power generation elements 50, similarly to the energy conversion element 1 shown in Mode 1, includes connecting yokes 60a and 60b, a magnetostrictive rod 61, permanent magnets 63a and 63b and a posterior yoke 64.
    [00200] As shown in Figure 17, in each of the power generation elements 50, the connection yoke 60a is arranged on the side of the geometric axis which is the central geometric axis for opening and closing the cover portion of the mobile phone 30 , and the connection yoke 60b is arranged on the end side of the mobile phone 30. In addition, the rear yoke 64 of the energy conversion element 50 is further arranged towards the center side of the cover portion of the mobile phone 30 in compared to the magnetostrictive rod 61. In addition, on the end side of the mobile phone 30, a weight 70 is provided to connect the connection yokes 60b of the two power generating elements 50.
    [00201] With this configuration, by opening and closing the cover portion of the mobile phone 30, the magnetostrictive rod 61 provided in the energy conversion element 50 expands and contracts due to the vibration of the magnetostrictive rod 61. The energy is generated by a change in the magnetic flux through coil 62 that is caused by expansion and contraction.
    [00202] It should be noted that the configuration of the mobile phone 30 that includes the energy conversion element 50 shown in Figure 17 is simply exemplary for implementing the present information.
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    46/57 vention on the mobile phone. It is acceptable for a configuration to include a resonance vibration generating mechanism that generates vibration in addition to the energy conversion element 50, for example.
    Mode 6 [00203] In the following, Mode 6 according to an aspect of the present invention will be described. In the present modality, the energy conversion element described in Modality 1 that includes the resonance vibration generating mechanism will be described. Figure 18A is a top view of the energy conversion element that includes a flap movement as a resonance vibration generating mechanism. Figure 18B is a side view of the energy conversion element in accordance with the present embodiment. Figure 18C is a top view of an operation of the energy conversion element in accordance with the present embodiment.
    [00204] An energy conversion element 80 shown in Figures 18A to 18C, similarly to the energy conversion element 50 described above, includes connection yokes 90a and 90b, magnetostrictive rods 91a and 91b, coils 92a and 92b, magnets permanent 93a and 93b, and a rear yoke 94. In addition, an axis 96 is provided in the connection yoke 90a, and is configured in an almost L shape on the opposite side of the side where the posterior yoke 94 is provided on the magnetostrictive rods 91a and 91b in one direction from connection yoke 90b to connection yoke 90a. It should be noted that in Figure 18C, the rear yoke 94 and the permanent magnets 93a and 93b are not illustrated.
    [00205] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 18A, the connecting yoke 90b has a convex portion, and a flap movement 97 is provided with a concave portion corresponding to the convex portion. Then, the flap movement 97 on the side of the connection yoke 90b is moved by disengaging the axis 96 as a rotary axis as
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    47/57 shown in Figure 18C, the concave portion of the flap movement 97 is in contact with and is hooked on the convex portion of the connecting yoke 90b, and then the convex portion of the connecting yoke 90b is bent by the concave portion of the flap movement 97. Thereby, the energy conversion element 80 performs resonance vibration in a direction parallel to the magnetostrictive rods 91a and 91b.
    [00206] In other words, through the deviation of the flap movement 97 through the disengagement of the axis 96 as a rotating axis, the energy conversion element 80, in the connection yoke 90b, receives force in a direction perpendicular to the axis direction geometry of the magnetostrictive rods 91a and 91b together with the deviation of the flap movement 97. Thus, one of the magnetostrictive rods 91a and 91b expands and the other contracts, and then the energy is generated. In addition, once the flap movement 97 is moved, the resonance vibration of the energy conversion element 80 occurs continuously and the power can be continuously generated.
    [00207] The energy conversion element 80 can supply the necessary power to the electronic device continuously by fixing the end face on the side of the connection yoke 90a provided with the axis 96 to the part of the human body, for example, and through of mounting, as a weight, the flap movement 97 on the electronic device such as a mobile phone.
    [00208] It should be noted that the energy conversion element 80 which includes the flap movement 97 described above provides a configuration in which the convex portion of the connecting yoke 90b is bent by the concave portion of the flap movement 97. In addition to the configuration , a configuration in which the connection yoke and flap movement generate vibration using the magnet fixation, similarly to the configuration of the body part that connects the energy conversion element and the magnet 28b shown in Mode 4.
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    48/57
    Mode 7 [00209] In addition, mode 7 according to one aspect of the present invention will be described. In the present modality, the air pressure sensor to monitor air pressure in vehicle tires and others, and a power generation device on a road or bridge will be described as an example of the electronic device that includes the fuel conversion element. energy as described in Modality 1.
    [00210] As shown in Mode 4, a power generation device 23c installed in the vehicle body shown in Figure 19 is an energy conversion element which generates energy with inertia force caused by vehicle body vibration and acceleration. The energy conversion element according to the present modality is arranged in an air pressure sensor 100 of a tire 102 as shown in Figure 19. The air pressure sensor is usually installed in the tire which is rolling together with the displacement of the vehicle, and therefore it is difficult for the power required for the air pressure sensor to be supplied by means of a wire with the necessary power of the vehicle. Therefore, it is generally necessary for the air pressure sensor to include a miniaturized power source such as a button cell. When installing the energy conversion element according to Mode 1 in the air pressure sensor, power can be generated with the use of tire vibration.
    [00211] Figure 20 is a schematic view to describe an air pressure sensor 100 in accordance with the present embodiment. As shown in Figure 20, the air pressure sensor 100 includes a sensor unit 103 and an energy conversion element 101. Part of the sensor unit 103 is provided to be in contact with a tire 102. Furthermore, in the energy conversion 101, one end of the connection yoke is attached to the
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    49/57 sensor 103, and the other end of the connection yoke provided with a weight is arranged in a direction facing inward the tire radius. Then, the vibration of the tire 102 causes the energy conversion element 101 to vibrate and power is generated. Details of the power generation operation are similar to the energy conversion element 50 shown in Mode 1. Therefore, the description will be omitted from it. It should be noted that the vibration frequency of the tire is 400 Hz to 500 Hz, for example.
    [00212] Furthermore, Figure 21 is an example of the power generation device installed on a bridge or a road. On a bridge or road 200, every time a vehicle and pedestrian pass, vibration occurs. Therefore, when adjusting a power generation device 201 on the bridge or on the road, power can be generated by the power generation device 201 with the use of vibration. A configuration is also acceptable in which convex and concave portions are provided on the road surface and forced vibration occurs every time a vehicle and pedestrian pass the convex and concave portions of the road surface. Power generated by the 201 power generation apparatus for, for example, being used for the vibration sensor installed on the bridge and power sources such as electric bulletin board and light emitting diodes for lighting.
    [00213] The disposition location of the power generation device 201, as shown in Figure 21, can be under the road surface and other locations where vibration is easy to occur. In addition, in addition to the bridge and road, a power generation device can be arranged in the vicinity of an engine, a machine, and so on in a plant installation such as a manufacturing plant, and then power can be generated with the use of vibration from the engine, the machine, and so on. In addition, the energy conversion element can be the energy conversion element of
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    50/57 according to Modalities 1 and 2, as well as Modality 4.
    [00214] Furthermore, since the power generation device does not require wiring from the power source, it is effective as a power source for a wireless device. For example, in a plant installation, it can be used as a power generation device for a wireless sensor network.
    [00215] It should be noted that in the present mode, the air pressure sensor and the vibration sensor are described as examples of the electronic device.
    [00216] However, the energy conversion element can be included in other electronic devices other than the air pressure sensor. For example, a configuration that includes the energy conversion element is possible as a mobile electronic device such as a mobile phone and a music player, as well as an implant sensor, and a miniature power supply device.
    Mode 8 [00217] In addition, mode 8 according to an aspect of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, an energy generation system that uses vibration from the water flow or wind flow will be described as an example of the energy generation system that includes the energy conversion element as described in Mode 1. Figures 22A to 22C are each a diagram of the power generation apparatus in accordance with the present embodiment.
    [00218] As shown in Figures 22A and 22B, a power generation system according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of power generation apparatus 300. The power generation apparatus 300 includes a fixing unit 301, an element of energy conversion 302, and a blade shaped in
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    51/57 wing 303. In the energy conversion element 302, two magnetostrictive materials formed into a plate (magnetostrictive plates) are arranged in parallel. One end for each of the magnetostrictive plates is attached to the fixing unit 301, and the other end for each of the magnetostrictive plates is connected to the wing-shaped blade 303. The wing-shaped blade 303 is shaped in a shape similar to the plate and the main surface of the wing shaped blade 303 are connected to the energy conversion element 302 to be arranged in almost the same direction as the main surfaces of the two magnetostrictive plates arranged in parallel with the energy conversion element 302. It should be noted that the clamping unit 301 corresponds to the connection yoke according to the present invention, and the wing shaped blade 303 corresponds to the connection yoke and weight according to the present invention.
    [00219] Figure 22C is a top view of the 303 wing-shaped wind blade. As shown in Figure 22C, on the 303 wing-shaped blade, the thickness of the 303 wing-shaped blade is smaller in one direction from one side. plane of a plate-like shape to the other side facing the side. With this configuration, a wing flow is generated from a large plate thickness portion to a small plate thickness portion of the wing shaped blade 303, a difference in pressure caused by a difference in flow path causes an elevation is generated in the wing-shaped blade 303. The elevation and operation of the elastic force of the wing-shaped blade 303 and the energy conversion element 302 lead to the generation of self-induced vibration in the wing-shaped blade 303 and the conversion element of energy 302. Due to vibration, one of the two magnetostrictive plates that comprise the energy conversion element
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    302 expands and the other contracts. With this, since the magnetic flux of the magnetostrictive plate is altered and current is produced in the coil wound around the magnetostrictive plate (or the coil made of printed wiring on the magnetostrictive plate), power can be generated.
    [00220] Power can be generated effectively with a power generation system in which a plurality of power generation devices 300 having the configurations described above, as shown in Figure 22A, are arranged in a uniform direction under water that has a constant flow of water and in the air that has a constant wind flow.
    [00221] It should be noted that in the power generation apparatus described above 300, the energy conversion element 302 comprises a plate-shaped magnetostrictive material. However, as similar to the energy conversion element 1 as shown in Modality 1, the rod shaped magnetostrictive material can be used to form the energy conversion element 302. Furthermore, the wing shaped blade 303 is not limited to configuration described above. Any configuration is acceptable as long as it is easy to generate elevation and vibrate through the water flow or wind flow. In addition, the magnetostrictive material comprising the energy conversion element 302 is not limited to a material comprising two magnetostrictive plates. A so-called uniform structure is acceptable in which a magnetostrictive plate and a plate-shaped material with different stiffness are glued together.
    [00222] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the modalities described above. Various modifications and transformations are possible without materially departing from the new teachings of the present invention.
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    53/57 [00223] For example, in the modalities described above, the cantilevered energy conversion element is described in which one end of the connecting yoke is fixed and the other end is provided with the weight. Not only the cantilevered energy conversion element, but also a configuration in which the central portion of the energy conversion element is fixed and each of the two connection yokes is provided with the weight can be provided. With this configuration, the weights arranged at both ends of the energy conversion element perform bending vibration at resonant frequency, and power can be generated effectively and continuously. In addition, a configuration is acceptable in which both ends of the energy conversion element are fixed and the weight is placed on the central portion. With this configuration, the weight disposed in the central portion of the energy conversion element performs flexion vibration at a predetermined resonance frequency, and power can be generated effectively and continuously.
    [00224] Furthermore, in the modalities described above, Galphenol which is an alloy of ferro-gallium is described as an example of a magnetostrictive material comprising the magnetostrictive rod. The magnetostrictive material may not only be Galphenol, but also others. For example, permendur which is an iron-cobalt alloy and other materials are possible. In addition, in order to amplify the change in magnetization in relation to tensile stress, a magnetostrictive material to which compression stress is added by stress annealing process in advance can be used.
    [00225] Furthermore, the shape of the magnetostrictive rod is not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped shaped like a rod. For example, the shape of a rod-shaped column and other shapes are possible. In addition, the size of the magnetostrictive rod is not limited to the examples described above, and can be changed. Furthermore, the
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    54/57 to the magnetostrictive stem is not limited to a shape similar to the stem. A plate-like shape, a thin magnetostrictive plate, and a magnetostrictive film are possible.
    [00226] Furthermore, the energy conversion element described above has a configuration that includes a rear yoke that has a permanent magnet. A configuration is also possible in which it does not include the rear yoke. Furthermore, the shape of the rear yoke is not limited to the shape described above. Other formats are also possible.
    [00227] Furthermore, in the modalities described above, a configuration is implanted in which resin is inserted between coils formed around two magnetostrictive rods. It is not necessary for a configuration to have a unified coil. In addition, the number of coil turns is the same or different for each coil. In addition, the coil does not need to be formed when it is wound around the magnetostrictive rod. For example, the coil may be formed by a writing pattern printed around the magnetostrictive rod.
    [00228] Furthermore, the energy conversion element according to the present invention for an electronic device can be applied not only to the mobile phone described above and the weapon pressure sensor also a wireless sensor used for a human or an animal as an element of conversion of vibration energy using the vibration of the walking of a human and an animal. More specifically, as shown in Figure 23, an energy generating device 403 in which an appropriate weight 402 is attached to an energy conversion element 401 is attached to an heel with an elastic band 405 made of an elastic body such as rubber . When a human stepped while walking, the speed suddenly becomes zero and great acceleration is generated, which causes the weight 402 to act as a large inertia force. With the force of inertia, it vibrates
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    55/57 Free power is induced by the connected energy conversion element 401, and power can be generated.
    [00229] In addition, for example, when operating the Global Positioning System (GPS) included in the power generation device with electrical power, the human position and animal behavior information can be known. Such a system usually requires a battery. When using the energy conversion element according to the present invention, however, it is possible for the system to be used almost permanently without relying on a battery. It should be noted that the position in which the power generation device described above 403 is attached may not only be the heel but also the wrist and other body portions. The setting can be applied to a power generation device to allow a disabled person who cannot move their fingers to express the intention, based on vibration when moving the portion where the power generation device is attached or when hitting on the floor, or bed, or similar on which the power generation device is installed.
    [00230] The energy conversion element according to the present invention includes another modality implanted by any combination of constituent elements in the modalities, modifications obtained by modifying the modalities without materially departing from the new teachings of the present invention, and a variety of devices that include the energy conversion element according to the present invention such as a mobile electronic device such as a mobile phone and music player, an implant sensor, and a miniature power supply device.
    Industrial Applicability [00231] The present invention can be effective as a device which generates vibration and the like, particularly an energy conversion element which is installed in a mobile phone and a ring
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    56/57 music pain which always generates vibration. In addition, the present invention is also effective as the device installed in a location where vibration is generated, such as an LED light bulb and an electric bulletin board for a bridge and a road. In addition, the present invention is effective for a power generation apparatus that uses water flow or wind flow. It can be used in a wide range of fields.
    List of Reference Signs
    1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401 Energy conversion element
    10a, 10b, 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, 60a, 60b, 90a, 90b Connecting yoke
    10c Connecting yoke (connecting yoke, rigid rod) 10d, 10e movable yoke (rear yoke) lla, 11c, 61, 91a Magnetostrictive rod (first magnetostrictive rod) llb, 91b Magnetostrictive rod (second magnetostrictive rod, rigid rod)
    11d Magnetostrictive rod (rear yoke)
    12a, 12b, 12c, 62, 92a, 92b Coil
    12d Coil (rear yoke)
    14a, 14b, 19c, 63a, 63b, 93a, 93b Permanent magnet
    15, 19a, 19b, 64, 94 Rear yoke
    20, 27, 29a, 70, 402 Weight
    23a, 23b, 23c, 201, 300 Power generation apparatus
    24, 26 Fixing unit (connection yoke)
    Mobile phone (electronic device, power generation device)
    100 Air pressure sensor (electronic device, power generation device)
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    301 Fixing unit (connection yoke)
    303 Wing-shaped blade (connecting yoke)
    403 Power generation device (electronic device)
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1. Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401) comprising:
    a first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c, 61, 91a) made of a magnetostrictive material;
    a rigid rod (11b, 91b) made of a magnetic material and arranged in parallel with the first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c, 61, 91a), the magnetic material having rigidity and a shape that enables uniform application of compressive force or force tensile to the first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c, 61, 91a);
    a first coil wound around the first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c, 61, 91a); and two connecting yokes (10a, 10b, 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, 60a, 60b, 90a, 90b) each of which is provided at one end of each of the first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c, 61, 91a) and the rigid rod (11b, 91b) to connect the first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c, 61, 91a) and the rigid rod (11b, 91b), characterized by the fact that the energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401) converts energy through expansion or contraction of the first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c, 61, 91a) due to vibration in a direction perpendicular to a geometric axis direction of the first magnetostrictive rod ( 11a, 11c, 61, 91a).
    [2]
    2. Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401), according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the rigid rod (11b, 91b) is a second magnetostrictive rod made of a magnetostrictive material, the energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401) also includes a second coil wound around section 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 61/69
    2/4 second magnetostrictive rod (11b, 91b), and the energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401) generates energy by expanding one of the first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c , 61, 91a) and the second magnetostrictive rod (11b, 91b) and contraction of the other due to vibration in a direction perpendicular to a geometric axis direction of the first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c, 61, 91a) and the second magnetostrictive rod (11b, 91b).
    [3]
    3. Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401), according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that an easy magnetization direction of the first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c, 61 , 91a) is in parallel with the direction of the geometric axis of the first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c, 61, 91a).
    [4]
    4. Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401), according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that an easy magnetization direction of the first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c, 61 , 91a) and the second magnetostrictive rod (11b, 91b) is parallel to the geometric axis direction of the first magnetostrictive rod (11a, 11c, 61, 91a) and the second magnetostrictive rod (11b, 91b).
    [5]
    5. Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401), according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that it still comprises:
    a rear breech (15, 19a, 19b, 64, 94) having a magnet.
    [6]
    6. Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 62/69
    3/4 one of the two connecting yokes (10a, 10b, 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, 60a, 60b, 90a, 90b) is attached and the other has a weight (20, 27, 29a, 70, 402).
    [7]
    Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401) resonates in a second resonant mode.
    [8]
    8. Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401), according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that when the number of turns of the first coil is N, the first coil includes K coils connected in parallel and each has N / K loops.
    [9]
    9. Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401), according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that when the number of turns of each one between the first coil and the second coil is N, the first coil and the second coil each include K coils connected in parallel and each has N / K turns.
    [10]
    10. Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401), according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that it still comprises:
    a plurality of power generation elements that are arranged in parallel, wherein the plurality of power generation elements are connected in series.
    [11]
    Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, each
    Petition 870190067625, of 7/17/2019, p. 63/69
    4/4 characterized by the fact that the magnetostrictive material has ductility.
    [12]
    Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the magnetostrictive material is a ferro-gallium alloy.
    [13]
    Energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the magnetostrictive material is an iron-cobalt alloy.
    [14]
    14. Power generation apparatus (23a, 23b, 23c, 201, 300), characterized by the fact that it comprises the energy conversion element (1, 23, 50, 80, 101, 302, 401) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    法律状态:
    2019-04-30| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2019-09-17| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2019-11-05| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 09/06/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP2010139930|2010-06-18|
    PCT/JP2011/003276|WO2011158473A1|2010-06-18|2011-06-09|Power generation element and power generation apparatus provided with power generation element|
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